SNCA and Parkinson disease: Pesticide compounds and toxic heavy elements, on the other hand, have a detrimental impact and exacerbate PD by producing gene variants connected to genetic PD (e.g. PARK1, LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1)), which culminate in PD-associated processes such as mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress, and peptide disintegration impairments20.