Along with a cascade of downstream events triggered by production of cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, ultimately leading to the recruitment and activation of a raft of innate immune cells including basophils, eosinophils, ILC2’s, and M2 macrophages, which together cause the pathology associated with allergic disease [151]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and allergic disease.