ACE and anemia (phenotype): ACC/AHA stage B patients with CKD and/or anaemia were more likely to be on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), while stage C2/D patients with CKD and/or anaemia were less likely taking ACE inhibitors, ARBs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and thiazide diuretics than patients without these comorbidities (Table S4).