Taken together, NLRP3 inflammasome is concerned with the pathological changes of cardiac hypertrophy, and pirfenidone ameliorates left ventricular hypertrophy in mice with coarctation aorta by forbiding NLRP3 inflammasome combination and adjustment ROS-dependent NLRP3-IL-1β signaling and myocardial fibrosis (143). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is left ventricular hypertrophy.