CXCL8 and inflammatory bowel disease: Mitsuhashi et al. have observed that luminal aspirate-derived exosomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients exhibit an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), compared to those of healthy volunteers (Mitsuhashi et al., 2016).