NOX4 and renal cell adenocarcinoma: To date, NOX4 has been observed to participate in multiple malignancies, including lung cancer, renal cell cancer (RCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancer, etc (Zeng et al., 2016; Meitzler et al., 2017; Shanmugasundaram et al., 2017; Du et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2020).