STAT1 and ovarian cancer: Juliana et al. suggested that STAT1 functioned as both a prognostic and predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer (Josahkian et al., 2018), and Guo et al. revealed that STAT5A serves as an immune checkpoint inhibitor and biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (Guo et al., 2020).