In contrast, nuclear GSK-3β is not only responsible for cancer stem cell self-renewal and glioblastoma tumorigenesis by stabilizing histone demethylase KDM1A but also crucial for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) initiation and aggressiveness in AML via β-catenin independent mechanisms (Wang et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2010; Gupta et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2016; Ignatz-Hoover et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene GSK3B and cancer.