BMP7 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: While systemic administration of BMP7 has been shown to be effective at reversing diet- and genetically-induced obesity and diabetes in mice (Townsend et al., 2012), systemic administration in humans will be met with a number of obstacles, including the potential for bone-formation at higher doses (Luo et al., 1995) (Lavery et al., 2009), and the short half-life of BMP7 in circulation (Vukicevic et al., 1998).