Previous studies have shown that the constitutive stabilisation and activation of Nrf2 is associated with poor prognosis in various human cancers, such as head and neck cancer (17), gastric cancer (18), lung cancer (19), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (20), gallbladder cancer (21), breast cancer (22)and hepatocellular carcinomas (23, 24). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to lung carcinoma.