ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Triptolide had inhibitory activity on human colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, A549/Taxol lung cancer, thyroid cancer, mouse lymphoma cells, which was attributed to the expression of p53 gene, nucleus transcription factor and tumor necrosis factor, heat shock proteins, and estrogen receptor, the regulation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR, MAPK, Wnt-β-catenin signal pathways (49).