ARHGEF15 and cervical carcinoma: HPV E5 protein can up-regulate the expression of COX-2 and MMP-7, and it has been proved that E5 protein can promote the invasion and spread of cervical cancer by activating the NF-κB and EGFR pathways (Kemp et al., 2010; Gutierrez-Xicotencatl et al., 2021).