CXCR4 and neoplasm: As shown in Fig. 7B,C,E, we observed an increase in the expression of specific markers such as Caldesmon 1 (CALD1) (p = 0.0188), Tumour Endothelial Marker 8 (TEM8) (p = 0.0001) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) (p = 0.0048) when CAM was treated with the pro-angiogenic VEGF at 200 ng/mL.