In this issue of the JCI, Kawamura, Matsushita, et al. (8) report on their combination of the liver-specific PTENΔL mouse with a liver-specific SCAP knockout (PTEN/SCAPΔL) to examine the effects of lipid reduction on NAFLD development and the progression to NASH and HCC. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.