GEPIA results revealed that the mRNA expression of CCL15 was significantly downregulated in LUSC and LUAD compared with normal lung tissues, while CCL20, CXCL9, CXCL13 were upregulated in tumor tissues (Additional file 3: Figure S3C), demonstrating that high expression of CCL20 may lead to tumorigenesis, while CCL15 behaved as a protective factor. Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.