ATF2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: For instance, ATF2 plays tumor-promoting roles in melanoma [21, 28, 29], non-small cell lung carcinoma [30] and pancreatic cancer cells [31], while it has tumor-suppressing activities in non-melanoma skin cancer [32, 33], breast cancer [10, 34], as well as in mouse orthotopic model of liver cancer [35].