KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed SE-associated mRNAs revealed that multiple signaling pathways such as proteoglycan synthesis pathway, estrogen signaling, PI3K-AKT, TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling, and the signaling pathways involving Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation which are all relevant to leiomyoma pathogenesis were altered in leiomyomas. Here, TGFB1 is linked to leiomyoma.