In patients with NSCLC who had high PD-L1 expression and received PD-1 as first-line treatment, immense improvements in PFS (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47–0.78) and ORR (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0) were evident for chemo-ICI when compared with ICI (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.