We indirectly compared the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone (ICI) and ICI-combined chemotherapy (chemo-ICI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (defined as tumour proportion score ≥50% or TC3/IC3) through network meta-analyses. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.