In patients with NSCLC who had high PD-L1 expression and were treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, significantly improved PFS (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.92) and ORR (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.1) were noticed in chemo-ICI when compared with IC (Fig. 3). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.