Rivadeneira et al have recently described an oncolytic VV expressing leptin, with potent metabolic reprogramming functions that showed efficacy in murine melanoma models via oncolysis, stimulation of T cell infiltration and leptin-mediated reprogramming of T cells to support their activity.106 These results demonstrate a powerful novel approach to antitumor therapy, by directly targeting metabolic pathways to enhance OV-mediated induction of immune responses. Here, LEP is linked to melanoma.