Validation using quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of HIF-1α was significantly upregulated in L. biflexa-infected BMDMs compared to in uninfected BMDMs (P < 0.005 for 2-h infection; P < 0.05 for 24-h infection) (Fig. 5D and Table S3). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is infection.