The HIF-1α mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in L. interrogans-infected BMDMs compared to in uninfected BMDMs (P < 0.005) and L. biflexa-infected BMDMs (P < 0.01, 2-h infection; P < 0.005 for 24-h infection) (Fig. 5D). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is infection.