TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: In contrast, Agathobacter, (formerly Eubacterium rectale28) is a butyrate-producing bacteria that has been shown to be reduced in UC29,30 and has been associated with improved response to anti-TNF medications in pediatric IBD.31 Butyrate is an important short chain fatty acid produced by fermentation of dietary fiber and has immune-modulating anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects in the colon.32 This genus was strongly associated with C.1.