Resveratrol, pro-renin receptor shRNA, and grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2) regained SIRT1 expression via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling axis in DKD models, thus restoring mitochondrial biosynthesis and function, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting apoptosis (40, 41, 45–47). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to diabetic kidney disease.