INS and Insulin resistance: Clinically relevant models validated against the gold standard euglycemic clamp include those assessing basal glucose and insulin homeostasis [e.g., the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)], and those incorporating the postprandial response to a glucose challenge [e.g., Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIMatsuda), beta-cell disposition index], probing a glucose challenge response provides opportunities to assess pancreatic function and peripheral glucose disposal (6, 7).