In 2015, Lessan et al. demonstrated that persons with insulin-treated diabetes (with/without oral antidiabetic drugs) recorded a significant difference in the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion during Ramadan (176 mg/dL, 9.8 mmol/L) compared to persons without diabetes (44 mg/dL, 2.4 mmol/L) (38). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.