Interestingly, we observed that the risk alleles for a severe course of COVID-19 are consistently associated with lower cytokine production upon various in-vitro stimulations at three cis-window sizes (p-value250kb= 0.02, p-value500kb =2.43×10-4, p-value1Mb = 2.57×10-3, Figures 2B, C and Table S7) and low monocyte-derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin [IL]-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6) production upon various in-vitro stimulation at three cis-window size (p-value250kb =0.02, p-value500kb = 6.39× 10-5, p-value1Mb =0.2, Table S7). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is COVID-19.