Immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Tregs in the TME inhibit NK cell proliferation, infiltration, and activation by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) or by interfering with NK cell receptor expression and activation; thus, these cells facilitate tumor immune escape and promote progression and metastasis (82, 83). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.