TGFB1 and neoplasm: On the basis of these findings, multiple combination strategies, such as the use of a combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with drugs that promote NK cell infiltration, persistence, and activation in tumors (e.g.,cytokines, stimulator of IFN gene [STING] agonists) and resistance to inhibitory TMEs (e.g., anti-TGF-β mAbs), are under investigation in basis research studies or clinical trials; these strategies aim to further increase the antitumor activity of NK cells and improve the tumor response to immunotherapy.