SARS-CoV-2 infection also resulted in many cytokines and chemokines above baseline levels (all P < 0.05) throughout the infection, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-28, CXCL10, GM-CSF, LIF, CCL2, CCL7, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IFN-α, and IFN-β. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and infection.