TGFB1 and lung cancer: In a recent study, which used mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma, Taniguchi, S. et al. (89) found IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loops between tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and FcεRIα+ macrophages, thus indicating that IL-33 can aid to create a microenvironment that can promote the tumor growth, and whether this mechanism exists in lung cancer remains to be further investigated.