Notably, 6 tumors included in this “highly active” NF-κB group also were found to be without deep deletion, frameshift/nonsense mutation of TRAF3 or CYLD, bolstering the utility of an RNA based approach to identify NF-κB activated HPV+ HNSCC tumors. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.