Given the potential confounding effect of follow-up PSA screening, to best inform our patients on the oncological risks associated with vasectomy, the PCa Oncology Committee of the French Association of Urology conducted a systematic review of the literature and performed a meta-analysis, with a particular focus on whether there is an association between vasectomy and PCa, in both unadjusted and PSA screening–adjusted studies. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.