Further detection of transcripts of some innate responsive genes during viral infection, such as the members of the IFN family, GM-CSF, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-6, indicated that virion binding to HVEM was similar to specific antibody binding to it and could lead to a cellular response through some immune signal factors (Figure 1C). Here, CSF2 is linked to viral infectious disease.