The transcription levels of various signaling molecules, including IKKβ, p38, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6, showed a sharp increase from day 6 after infection in HVEM−/− mice, compared with the rapid decrease at the same time in WT C57BL/6 mice (Figure 5D and Supplementary Figure S2). This evidence concerns the gene IKBKB and infection.