This treatment reduced the viral titer by about 24-fold, and the preincubation with goat IFN-α (1 μg/mL) for 24 h reduced the viral titer by 42-fold at 24 hpi, whereas treatment after infection was not effective in modulating BPIV3 infection at 24 hpi (Figure 6B). Here, IFNA1 is linked to infection.