Notable among them are (i) RNaseH1 and RNaseH2, ribonucleases that specifically degrade the RNA moieties in R-loops; (ii) RNA/DNA helicases like Sen1 in yeast, and Senataxin (SETX) and DHX9 in humans; (iii) DNA topoisomerases that relax DNA-negative supercoiling induced by R-loops; (iv) mRNA biogenesis factors that suppress R-loop formation; and (v) chromatin remodeling factors such as the FACT complex; (vi) BRCA1, BRCA2, and members of the Fanconi anemia pathway that directly or indirectly remove or resolve the R-loops that block DNA replication. The gene discussed is SETX; the disease is Fanconi anemia.