Similarly, live vaccination increased the proportion of IL-10-producing CD4T cells compared to unvaccinated mice prior to challenge, and challenge infection with PbA remarkably increased the number of IL-10-producing CD4T cells in vaccinated mice (Vac pre PbA: 6.2%, 908 × 103 cells vs. Vac PbA: 29.5%, 5658 × 103 cells, mean value)(approximately 20-fold more than the unvaccinated control) (Figure 6E,F). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.