TP53 and cancer: Interestingly, in most of the cancer types analyzed, BUB3 levels are significantly higher in TP53-mutant cancers than in TP53-wild-type cancers, suggesting that wild-type TP53 represses BUB3 gene expression in physiological conditions, and that the TP53–BUB3 pathway may play an important role in carcinogenesis (Figure 3).