TNF and ulcer disease: Several in vivo studies further support AVG-induced reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) in the presence of various stimuli (e.g., LPS, bacteria, and pesticides) or in different inflammatory conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and ulcer in rodents) (Table 3) [57,58,59,73,74].