In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients, ART decreased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a key regulator of atherosclerosis in SLE, by reduction in IFN-α overexpression via inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation in vitro [119]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.