The protective effect of DMF against ischemia–reperfusion brain injury in Nrf2-gene-deficient mice was evaluated by Yao et al. The infarct volume and cerebral edema in DMF (45 mg/kg)-treated Nrf2-gene-deficient mice were comparable to those of vehicle-treated Nrf2-gene-deficient mice. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and ischemia.