TNF and tuberculosis: This dysbiosis was associated with a reduction in the number of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), less expression of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (associated with protection against TB) and increased regulatory T cells (associated with susceptibility to TB); additionally more and larger pulmonary granulomas were observed in these mice, suggesting that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis increases the spread of the disease [9,97].