TNF and dengue disease: Among them, a vast panel of increased cytokines and chemokines in severe dengue, such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-10, CCL4/MIP-1β, IL-1β, CXCL8/IL-8 TNF-α, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1, and IL-18.