CD274 and neoplasm: The cationic AuNRs could transform the NIR-II light (0.33 W/cm2, 30 min) into PTT-mediated hyperthermia to cause ICD and played a crucial role in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 targeting PD-L1 to activate the gene expression of Cas9 in tumor cells and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting PD-L1 upon NIR-II laser irradiation, leading to the precise genome editing of PD-L1 on tumor cells (Figure 4b).