CTLA4 and neoplasm: Thus, a vaccine-like immune response was caused after the treatment of primary tumors via combinational NIR-II PTT and starvation therapy, which could be further combined with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) antibody-mediated immune checkpoint blockade therapy to suppress distant tumor growth and lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor-bearing-mouse models.