CXCL8 and pancreatic neoplasm: The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15 was higher in PAAD than in normal tissues, as shown in Figure 1A. To investigate whether IL-6, the inflammatory marker, is highly expressed in PAAD, two cases (grade 2) of human PDAC tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of pancreatic cancer.