Regarding CagA and its relationship with epithelium status, Tserentogtokh et al. (2019) reported a prevalence of CagA of at least 30% in peptic ulcers, 41.6% in gastritis, and 64.7% in gastric cancer for western variant strains, and of up to 100% in isolates from Asian strains through sequencing [49]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and peptic ulcer disease.