These changes were accompanied by a significant improvement in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity when tofacitinib was administered in combination with aspirin (a well-known inhibitor of the NF-kB pathway), suggesting that simultaneous inhibition of JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways may mitigate insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in T2D [128]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.