These findings are surprising, as several cytokines and chemokines evaluated in the study were independently associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus, including IL-1, IL-6, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and MIP-3α. Here, IL1A is linked to diabetes mellitus.