TNF and diabetes mellitus: Thus, it appears that, through the coordinated inhibition of TNF-α mediated canonical NF-κB inflammatory signalling and the suppression of enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis, Dapa and Lira confer significant protection against DM-induced hepato-renal injury and, as such, could be proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic patients in order to avoid long-term induced diabetic complications.