The current observations are in line with those of previous studies, where Dapa was reported to attenuate TNF-α and hyperglycaemia-induced increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and NF-κB expression in human vascular endothelial cells [29]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and Hyperglycemia.