The association of NQO1 activity with several human diseases having a huge social impact, particularly cancer, HIV infection and neurological and cardiovascular diseases, has attracted attention on the effects of naturally-occurring single amino acid changes on NQO1 multifunctionality and the potential predisposition provided by these changes towards disease development [65,68,78,111,117,120,121,128,133,134,135,136,137,138]. This evidence concerns the gene NQO1 and HIV infectious disease.