AML cells that showed less stemness properties were able to upregulate a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, CCL2, CXCL1, IL1β, through IL17, CD40 and NF-κB signalling), while AML cells that were more stem-like upregulated IRF8-related genes [10]. Here, CXCL1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.