The possible mechanisms for metformin to attenuate the risk of mortality due to UTI or sepsis may be: (1) Metformin can inhibit mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex-1 and activate the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway to facilitate neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and bacterial killing [22,24]. This evidence concerns the gene WEE1 and bacterial urinary tract infection.