In the present study, we focused on the effect of VAR and AVA on sCr, renal histopathology and four tissue biomarkers were sorted out from the array of analytes associated with CIN, after systematically searching the available literature [39], merely on the basis of their reported validity (KIM-1, Cys-C), novelty (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and the resources available for the present experiment. The gene discussed is MMP2; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.