Importantly, Sorafenib treatment effectively reduced levels of MCP-1, CXCL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in supernatants of mono-cultured CAF and CAF co-cultured with either CCA cell line, which is in line with the observation that Sorafenib efficiently reduced cell migration of mono-cultured CAF as well as those of CAF co-cultured CCA cells. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.