While MCP-1, CXCL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 could not be detected in supernatants of mono-cultured CCA cells, a strong release of MCP-1 and IL-8 was measured in supernatants of mono-cultured CAF as well as of CCA cells co-cultured with CAF. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and cholangiocarcinoma.